Single instruments are replaced with individual displays and control panels. The present conditions are related to how computers are introduced in these environments. Finally, the elements of a trip have been explored to identify similarities with other means of transportation studied previously.We conclude that the four general preconditions required for control of any system according to control theory are too broad, and need to be decomposed further to provide a correct representation of all the conditions revealed in the interviews.From our findings, we argue that the way which information is integrated and presented to the officers is inappropriate. Moreover, the interviews have been analysed according to a control-engineering framework. A control engineering approach has also been used in subsequent interviews with officers.The paper describes conditions on the bridge related to manoeuvring, navigation, the computer support systems, information presentation, and the way information is acquired and used by the crew at work. The officers have been studied at work, to investigate and better understand the interaction between humans and technical support systems in this environment. Moreover, we wanted to explore the kind of support the information environment and the interfaces on the bridge provide an officer, who wants to drive safely, detect targets early and achieve efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to describe the present conditions for officers who work on high-speed bridges, where manoeuvring and navigation are supported by highly sophisticated technical systems. A flight test of the prototype of the developed AR system was carried out on Cessna 172 aircraft and is showed in the accompanying video. The results of the experiments with desktop simulators of different AR pilot's interfaces (2D, 3D and stereo 3D conditions) proved the effectiveness of the proposed stereo AR solution. The system consists of low-cost items and does not suffer from the drawbacks tied with existing synthetic/enhanced vision systems for pilots.
Our research considers a stereoscopic version of the 3D "tunnel-in-the-sky" realized as an augmented reality (AR) pocket-size system with see-through light-weight AR glasses. According to recent studies the "tunnel-in-the-sky" approach does not provide crucial advantages in comparison with more traditional methods of presenting navigation information to pilots. 3D geometry for the navigation path displayed on a flat screen). One of the uses of HUDs is to provide a specific visual interface for pilots in the form of what is called a "tunnel-in-the-sky" (i.e. Head-up displays (HUDs) have become common equipment in aircraft cockpits.
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